The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.